THE KNOWLEDGE SYSTEM AND SOCIAL RESEARCH

Abstract

Based on the premise that, all scientific knowledge should be aimed at beneficial applications for mankind, the paper discusses some fundamental issues in the theory of knowledge, endeavouring to show its complexity (not perceived by common sense) and the need for a theory to study it systematically. Using elements taken from this general discussion, it is then demonstrated that all scientific research presupposes, consciously or unconsciously, the resort to a theory which can establish its basic parameters. All theories, as well as the investigation techniques associated with them, are linked to the social perspectives of the various human groups which make up complex societies, and to some extent reflect their specific, extra-scientific interests. Thus, theories and investigation techniques cannot be considered absolutely "neutral". Once this relative commitment of theory has been realized, the researcher must exercise constant epistemological vigilance and a continuous methodological critique, so as to minimize the effects of extra-scientific and "ideological" factors.