RURAL VILLAGES IN EASTERN AMAZONIA REGION: NORTHEASTERN PARÁ UNDER ANALYSIS

Abstract

The aim of this article is to analyse the relationship between the historical formation, location and infrastructure of rural villages in the palm oil producing region of northeastern state of Pará, Brazil. Despite these villages’ importance as places of reference of belonging, they have rarely been an object of analysis considering that this region in the state of Pará has experienced more intervention by man than any other in the state. This research consisted of an exploratory study encompassing 21 palm oil producing municipalities. Within this universe, a sample of 10% of the villages (341) was defined. Semi-structured interviews were conducted with key actors (long-standing residents and community leaders). The main findings revealed that there is a direct relationship between the villages’ formation, location and infrastructure. Type 1 villages (with a centre) and Type 3 villages (on the banks of water courses) have the best infrastructure because they are older and have a higher number of stable residents who are more likely to live permanently in the area. These villages have a number of social organisations capable of putting pressure on public authorities to meet residents’ demands. Type 2 villages (scattered houses) have the least amount of infrastructure, given their dispersed location. Type 4 villages (along the roads) have been established more recently and are the least stable due to migration flows and because they are predominantly made up of employees of the palm oil extraction industry.