GMOs IMPOSE NEW FORMS OF COORDINATION AND A NEW REGULATORY FRAMEWORK

Abstract

This article analyses the different terms of reference behind the debates on transgenics in the principal trade blocs. It maps the initiatives currently underway by the food industry and large-scale retail, principally in Europe but also in many other countries including the United States, to take transgenic products and ingredients out of circulation as a result of greater sensitivity to issues of demand and consumer behaviour. The insistence of Europe and an increasing number of other countries on the compulsory labeling of transgenic products and the imposition of principles of product segregation in the organization of agrofood chains derives from higher levels of awareness in relation to food security. This is reflected in the adoption of new guidelines for international negotiations based on the precautionary principle. In its turn, the United States, which exercises leadership among the "producer" countries, appeals to the concepts of sound science and substantial equivalence which places the onus of proof on countries which question trade in transgenics. The arguments for and against labeling and product segregation are passed in review, together with their implications for the reorganization of agrofood chains in the direction of identity preservation, including here the sharing of costs deriving from their implementation. In the light of these considerations the article concludes with an appreciation of the positions currently being adopted in Brazil.