Behavior of hens reared at different densities and group sizes in an enriched environment

Abstract

The objective of this work was to determine the behavioral differences among laying hens reared at different densities and group sizes, in an enriched environment. Isa Brown laying hens with ages from 30 to 32‑week‑old, in small‑sized and deformed pens, were used. Hens were raised during 28 days in bays with shavings bedding, perch and nest. Two group sizes were evaluated (6 and 12 fowls) and at two rearing densities (774 and 1,440 cm² by fowl) in a factorial arrangement with three replicates. In fifteen‑minute video footages, it was recorded the frequency and the expression period for the following behavior were recorded: feather scratching, sand bath, wing beating, drinking water, pecking, head scratching, earth scratching, eating, perching, leg stretching, pursuing, sitting, and nest visiting. The treatments and the interaction between them had significant effects. The six‑hen group increased the frequency of behavior types that indicate fowl frustration, regardless of density. The group size is the most important factor for hen well‑being.