Diversification of oil-bearing biomass sources for decarbonization and sustainability

Abstract

The objective of this review was to analyze the diversification of oil-bearing biomass sources as a strategic pathway to support decarbonization and sustainability, with emphasis on bioenergy in Brazil. The review identifies opportunities, challenges, and conditions to expand the use of diverse oily crops. The work is based on scientific publications, technical reports, and institutional documents addressing biomass and bioenergy production. It highlights the potential of oily crops, such as macaúba and tropicalized canola, to expand biomass supply for biofuels and bioproducts. In addition, it examines integrated agricultural systems that combine biomass production with environmental restoration. Such an approach shows that diversifying oil-bearing crops can reduce pressure on traditional feedstocks such as soybean and oil palm, which face sustainability concerns abroad and can be highly affected by climate change. Technological, regulatory, and financial challenges that must be overcome for large-scale adoption of new crops were identified. The review also presents lessons from past failures, showing that success depends on long-term research, breeding, and risk management. Diversifying oil-bearing biomass sources strengthens climate mitigation, rural development, and bioeconomy strategies, positioning Brazil as a leader in the production of sustainable biomass.