Selection of carioca common bean lines for fusarium wilt resistance, yield, and grain quality

Abstract

The objective of this work was to estimate genetic parameters for the selection of carioca common bean lines resistant to fusarium wilt, with a high yield, an optimal 100-seed weight, and a desirable grain color. Two experiments were conducted during the 2019 and 2020 winter seasons in areas under a high natural pathogen infestation, using a randomized complete block design with three replicates. Sixty lines derived from the cross between cultivars BRS FC402 (resistant) and BRS FC406 (susceptible), plus four checks, were evaluated for fusarium wilt, yield, 100-seed weight, and grain color. Analyses of variance were carried out, and estimates of heritability, expected selection gains, and trait correlations were obtained. Significant differences were observed among lines for all traits. Heritability estimates were 74, 73, 91, and 52% for fusarium wilt, yield, 100-seed weight, and grain color, respectively, indicating a high selection potential. In addition, the reaction to fusarium wilt showed a negative correlation with yield (-0.60) and 100-seed weight (-0.52). Simultaneous selection identified 15 promising lines, generating gains of 13.3, 7.9, 2.4, and 3.5% for fusarium wilt, yield, 100-seed weight, and grain color, respectively. Among these lines, CNFC 20188, CNFC 20134, CNFC 20160, and CNFC 20142 combine all four desirable traits, standing out as promising candidates for the release of new cultivars resistant to fusarium wilt, with a high yield, an optimal 100-seed weight, and a desirable grain color.