Forest biomass valorization in Brazil: innovations in biorefineries and opportunities for a low-carbon economy

Abstract

The objective of this review was to analyze the role of forest biomass valorization in bioeconomy and global energy transition. This study presents the contributions of emerging technologies to the production of sustainable products and their alignment with Brazil’s international climate commitments, particularly the goals outlined for COP30. Given that fossil fuel combustion accounts for nearly 80% of global greenhouse gas emissions, the search for renewable energy alternatives has become a strategic priority. Biorefineries have emerged as a key pathway for converting plant- and animal-based biomass into bioenergy and renewable chemical compounds. Brazil stands out for its extensive availability of forest and agro-industrial residues, which strengthens its potential to generate high-value-added products and promote sustainable industrial practices. By-products such as lignin, nanocellulose, and agroforestry residues show a significant potential for the development of innovative materials that contribute to decarbonization strategies. The integration of Brazil’s biomass resources with technological innovation may position the country as a global leader in advancing sustainable bio-based solutions.